This 6-point plan can ease Australia’s gambling problems – if our government has the guts

We have a refreshed and revitalised Australian government^[1], enriched with great political capital.

During the last term of parliament before the election, opportunities to address Australia’s raging gambling habit were neglected^[2].

Could this government now have enough authority and courage to take on the gambling ecosystem?

A massive issue

Australians are the world’s biggest gambling losers^[3].

Many attribute this to some inherent Australian trait^[4]. But what it really comes down to is the proliferation of gambling operators and their products.

They’re everywhere, along with their marketing and promotion.

Half of the gambling^[5] problems in Australia are associated with poker machines, ubiquitous in all states and territories other than Western Australia (WA).

Consequently, and unsurprisingly, WA has the lowest rate of gambling harms^[6]. The state has 2,500 pokies at a single Perth^[7] casino and none in clubs or pubs.

New South Wales boasts nearly 90,000 pokies^[8], the highest pokie “density” in Australia, and its clubs and pubs make $8.1 billion a year.

Overall, pokie losses in Australia total $15.8 billion^[9] per year.

Wagering (betting on sport, racing and even elections), is now mainly online, and reaps another $8.4 billion in Australia. This is the fastest growing gambling sector, with growth, adjusted for inflation, of more than 45%^[10] between 2018-19 and 2022-23.

Pokies grew by a more modest 7.6% during the same period. Only casinos went backwards.

Overall, gambling costs Australians more than $32 billion^[11] annually.

This has been fuelled by relentless promotion and marketing and the expansion of the gambling ecosystem^[12]: the network of commercial actors who reap a major dividend from gambling losses.

It includes the bookies, pub and club chains as well as sporting leagues, financial services providers, software and game developers, charitable^[13] organisations^[14], broadcasters, and state and territory governments.

Of course, gambling comes at a cost: it is strongly linked^[15] to broken relationships, loss of assets, employment and educational opportunities, and crime rates^[16].

Intimate partner violence^[17] and neglect of children, along with poor mental and physical health, are also connected to gambling accessibility. As, unfortunately, is suicide^[18].

However, there are ways to reduce gambling harm.

Six ways to tackle the problem

1. First up, we need a national gambling regulator. This was an important recommendation in the 2023 report^[19] of the all-party parliamentary committee chaired by the late Peta Murphy.

Currently, gambling is regulated by each state and territory. Some have reasonably robust systems in place. Others, somewhat less so. None are best practice.

A national system is long overdue, as many gambling businesses operate across multiple Australian jurisdictions.

In the absence of national regulation, the Northern Territory has become the de facto national regulator for online wagering^[20]. It offers a low-tax and arguably low intervention regulatory system^[21].

Yet the vast majority of losses from punters come in other jurisdictions.

National regulation would also assist in standardising tax rates and maintaining reasonable uniform standards of regulation and enforcement.

2. Poker machines are Australia’s biggest gambling problem^[22], but a national precommitment scheme would provide a tool for people to manage their gambling.

This proposal has been frequently mooted in Australia since the Productivity Commission^[23] recommended it in 2010.

It has worked well in Europe: forms of it now operate in 27 European countries^[24].

Both Victoria and Tasmania have proposed it, as did the Perrottet government in the lead into the last NSW election.

Unfortunately, the power of the pokie lobby^[25], supercharged by the addiction surplus^[26] it reaps from punters, has slowed or stopped^[27] its implementation.

But it’s eminently feasible and is highly likely to significantly reduce the harm of pokies.

The technical challenges are far from insurmountable, despite what industry interests argue.

Read more: Pokies line the coffers of governments and venues – but there are ways to tame this gambling gorilla^[28]

3. Limiting accessibility^[29] to pokies is an important way to reduce harm.

Nothing good happens^[30] in a pokie room after midnight, yet they are often open until 4am, with reopening time only a little later.

Closing down venues after midnight and not opening until 10am would help a lot of people.

4. We can’t talk about political access without considering some key tools of the gambling ecosystem.

Pokie operators have enormous ability^[31] to influence politicians. Donations are a typical method to ensure access, backed up by the “revolving door”^[32] of post-politics jobs.

Politicians also enjoy a stream of freebies^[33] from the gambling ecosystem, which allow these businesses to bend the ear of a guest^[34] for hours at a time, at lunch, over drinks, or during an event.

To address this, we need better rules around acceptance of hospitality and gifts. Some states have moved towards such arrangements but there has been little action on the national front.

5. Another major recommendation from the Murphy committee was the banning of online gambling ads^[35].

The majority of Australians^[36] want it to happen, and gambling ads are banned for almost all other forms of gambling.

The special treatment for this rapidly growing, highly harmful gambling product makes no sense.

6. Finally, we need to properly resource research into gambling harm and its prevention.

Much gambling research (and its conferences^[37]) are funded by the gambling ecosystem^[38], either directly or via representative organisations.

This raises massive conflicts and has lead to a poor evidence base^[39] for policy making.

The time is now

Anything that stops people getting into trouble with gambling will be opposed by the gambling ecosystem because their best customers are those with the biggest losses.

But nobody is saying we should do away with gambling.

The evidence-based ideas above would help people with existing problems, and stop many more from ending up in trouble.

Gambling is a problem we can solve.

It does need political effort – but the Albanese government has the political capital to solve this problem.

References

1. ^{^} refreshed and revitalised Australian government (theconversation.com)
2. ^{^} were neglected (theconversation.com)
3. ^{^} world’s biggest gambling losers (aifs.gov.au)
4. ^{^} inherent Australian trait (theconversation.com)
5. ^{^} Half of the gambling (theconversation.com)
6. ^{^} WA has the lowest rate of gambling harms (www.wa.gov.au)
7. ^{^} 2,500 pokies at a single Perth (www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au)
8. ^{^} 90,000 pokies (www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au)
9. ^{^} $15.8 billion (www.qgso.qld.gov.au)
10. ^{^} more than 45% (theconversation.com)
11. ^{^} more than $32 billion (www.qgso.qld.gov.au)
12. ^{^} gambling ecosystem (www.thelancet.com)
13. ^{^} charitable (www.liquorandgaming.nsw.gov.au)
14. ^{^} organisations (www.crownresorts.com.au)
15. ^{^} strongly linked (www.tandfonline.com)
16. ^{^} crime rates (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
17. ^{^} Intimate partner violence (theconversation.com)
18. ^{^} is suicide (www.thelancet.com)
19. ^{^} 2023 report (www.aph.gov.au)
20. ^{^} for online wagering (dth.nt.gov.au)
21. ^{^} and arguably low intervention regulatory system (www.abc.net.au)
22. ^{^} biggest gambling problem (theconversation.com)
23. ^{^} Productivity Commission (www.pc.gov.au)
24. ^{^} 27 European countries (harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com)
25. ^{^} the pokie lobby (insidestory.org.au)
26. ^{^} addiction surplus (www.sciencedirect.com)
27. ^{^} slowed or stopped (www.abc.net.au)
28. ^{^} Pokies line the coffers of governments and venues – but there are ways to tame this gambling gorilla (theconversation.com)
29. ^{^} Limiting accessibility (bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com)
30. ^{^} Nothing good happens (www.gambleaware.nsw.gov.au)
31. ^{^} enormous ability (insidestory.org.au)
32. ^{^} the “revolving door” (theconversation.com)
33. ^{^} stream of freebies (www.reuters.com)
34. ^{^} bend the ear of a guest (www.routledge.com)
35. ^{^} the banning of online gambling ads (www.aph.gov.au)
36. ^{^} The majority of Australians (www.abc.net.au)
37. ^{^} and its conferences (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
38. ^{^} the gambling ecosystem (theconversation.com)
39. ^{^} poor evidence base (anzsog.edu.au)