Investigating social media harm is a good idea, but parliament is about to see how complicated it is to fix

Communications Minister Michelle Rowland and Financial Services Minister Stephen Jones announced the new committee. Bianca De Marchi/AAP^[6]

The second was an announcement^[7] establishing a Joint Parliamentary Select Committee to look into the influence and impacts of social media on Australian society. The government wants the committee to examine and report on four major issues:

1. The decision of Meta to abandon deals under the News Media and Digital Platforms Bargaining Code^[8]

2. the important role of Australian journalism, news and public-interest media in countering misinformation and disinformation on digital platforms

3. the algorithms, systems and corporate decision-making of digital platforms in influencing what Australians see, and the impacts of this on mental health

4. other issues in relation to harmful or illegal content disseminated over social media, including scams, age-restricted content, child sexual abuse and violent extremist material.

However, the final terms of reference will be drafted after consultation with both the Senate crossbench and the opposition, so they may change a bit.

Why would they do this?

Asking the committee to review the Meta decision is an odd move.

In practice, Financial Services Minister Stephen Jones can “designate” Meta without a referral to the parliament. That is, the minister can decide all of the obligations of the News Media Bargaining Code apply to Meta.

However, a sounding by the committee may help to ensure Meta keeps concentrating on the issue. It also provides the opportunity to restate the underlying principles behind the code and the parlous state of much of the Australian news media.

In relation to harmful or illegal content disseminated over social media, there is already a review^[9] of the Online Safety Act underway. The terms of reference seem to ask the committee to provide input into the review.

Read more: This week's changes are a win for Facebook, Google and the government — but what was lost along the way?^[10]

The issue of misinformation and disinformation has also been the subject of review. The government released a draft of a proposed bill^[11] to combat misinformation and disinformation in June 2023. It would give the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) power to enforce^[12] an industry code, or to make one if the industry cannot.

That draft was criticised by the opposition at the time. However, there have been shifts since then and the committee might be a vehicle for the introduction of an amended version of the bill.

An age-old issue

Online age verification is a simple idea that is hard to implement unless there are significant consequences for non-compliance on a service provider.

Work in this area by the UK’s communications regulator, Ofcom, and the UK Information Commissioner’s Office are often cited as leading practice. However, the commissioner’s website notes^[13] “age assurance is a complex area with technology developing rapidly”.

Measures to limit children’s access to social media will be investigated by the committee. Shutterstock^[14]

One approach is for the minor to identify themselves to a platform by uploading a video or to send a photograph of their ID. This is entirely contrary to the eSafety Commissioner’s messaging^[15] on online safety. The Commissioner advises parents to make sure children do not share images or videos of themselves and to never share their ID.

In practice, the most effective age identification for minors requires parents to intervene. This can be done by using software to limit access or by supervising screentime. If children and teenagers can get around the rules simply by borrowing a device from a school friend, age verification might not do much.

As the International Association of Privacy Professionals has found^[16], age verification and data protection are far harder than they look. It is particularly difficult if the age barrier is not one already in place – such as the adult rights that those over the age of 18 possess – but rather a seemingly arbitrary point in the mid-teens. Other than online, the most important age to verify is 18 for things such as alcohol sales and credit. It is also the age at which contracts can be enforced.

Countries vs companies

One issue that is often raised about social media platforms is how Australia can deal with a global business.

Here, the European approach in the Digital Markets Act^[17] provides some ideas. The act defines companies with a strong market position as “gatekeepers” and sets out rules they must follow. Under the act, important data must be shared as directed by the user to make the internet fairer and to ensure different sites and software can communicate with each other. It also calls for algorithms to be made more transparent, though these rules are a bit more limited.

European Commissioner for Europe fit for the Digital Age, Margrethe Vestager, helps administer the Digital Markets Act. Virginia Mayo/AP^[18]

In doing so, it limits the power of gatekeeper companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, ByteDance (TikTok), Meta and Microsoft.

Obviously, Australia can’t harness the collective power of a group of nations in the same way the European Union does, but that doesn’t preclude some of the measures from being useful here.

There is considerable public support for governments to “do something^[19]” about online content and social media access, but there are both legal and practical obstacles to imposing new laws.

There is also the difficulty of getting political consensus on such measures, as seen with the debate surrounding the misinformation bill.

But it’s clear in Australia, both citizens and governments have been losing patience with letting tech companies regulate themselves and shifting responsibility to parents.

Authors: Rob Nicholls, Senior research associate, University of Sydney

Read more https://theconversation.com/investigating-social-media-harm-is-a-good-idea-but-parliament-is-about-to-see-how-complicated-it-is-to-fix-229900

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