Other nations are applying sanctions and going to court over Gaza – should NZ join them?
- Written by Alexander Gillespie, Professor of Law, University of Waikato
Despite the carnage, United Nations resolutions and international court rulings, the war in Gaza has the potential to get much worse. Unless Hamas frees all Israeli hostages[1] by March 10, Israel may launch an all-out offensive in Rafah, a city of 1.5 million people, cornered against the border with Egypt.
The US has continued to block[2] UN Security Council resolutions calling for an immediate ceasefire. But President Joe Biden has cautioned Israel[3] against a Rafah ground assault without a credible plan to protect civilians.
More direct calls for restraint have come from the UN secretary-general[4] and the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court[5]. To its credit, New Zealand, along with Australia and Canada, added its voice in a joint statement[6] on February 15:
A military operation into Rafah would be catastrophic […] We urge the Israeli government not to go down this path […] Palestinian civilians cannot be made to pay the price of defeating Hamas.
New Zealand also reiterated its commitment to a political settlement and a two-state solution[7]. Given how hard some other countries are pushing for a ceasefire and peace, however, it is fair to ask whether the National-led coalition government could be doing more.
NZ absent from a crucial case
So far, New Zealand’s most obvious contribution has been to deploy a six-member defence force[8] team to the region to deter Houthi rebel attacks on commercial and naval shipping in the Red Sea.
This collaboration with 13 other countries[9] is on the right side of international law. But the timing suggests it is more about preventing the Israel-Gaza situation from spreading and destabilising the region than about protecting international waterways per se.
Furthermore, there is a risk of New Zealand’s response appearing one-sided, considering its relative silence on other fronts.
Read more: The UN’s top court didn’t call for a ceasefire in Gaza – how does NZ respond now?[10]
For example, following the interim ruling[11] by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the application of the Genocide Convention to Israel’s devastation of Gaza, a second opinion is being sought from the court[12] over the legality of Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territory.
Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad Al-Malki told the court[13] his people were suffering “colonialism and apartheid” under Israeli occupation. It is the latest round in a monumental debate central to any lasting peace process.
More than 50 countries[14] are presenting arguments at the ICJ, the most to engage with any single case since the court was established in 1945. But New Zealand is not present in the oral proceedings.
This absence matches New Zealand’s abstention at the United Nations General Assembly vote that referred the case to the ICJ. A country that prides itself on an independent foreign policy seems to have lost its voice.
Read more: Why Egypt refuses to open its border to Palestinians forcibly displaced from Gaza[15]
An even-handed foreign policy
New Zealand does call for the observance of international humanitarian law in Gaza. It has been less vocal, though, about calling for accountability for war crimes, no matter which side commits them.
The International Criminal Court, New Zealand’s permanent representative to the UN has said[16], is “a central pillar in the international rules-based order and the international criminal justice system”.
Directly supporting that sentiment would mean calling for independent investigations of all alleged crimes in the current Israel-Gaza conflict.
Read more: Israeli siege has placed Gazans at risk of starvation − prewar policies made them vulnerable in the first place[17]
Given countries it considers friends and allies do more to register their disapproval of the situation, New Zealand needs to consider whether its own current sanctions system is adequate.
The White House has begun to sanction[18] individual Israeli settlers in the occupied Palestinian territories, accusing them of undermining peace, security and stability. Britain has also placed sanctions[19] on a small number of “extremist” settlers. France has recently identified and sanctioned[20] 28 such individuals.
So far, however, New Zealand has remained silent. This prompts an obvious question: if sanctions can be applied to both Russia[21] and Iran[22] for their actions, should New Zealand now follow the lead of its allies and take active measures to express its disapproval of what is happening in Gaza and the occupied territories?
References
- ^ frees all Israeli hostages (www.rnz.co.nz)
- ^ continued to block (www.aljazeera.com)
- ^ cautioned Israel (www.ft.com)
- ^ secretary-general (www.voanews.com)
- ^ prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (twitter.com)
- ^ joint statement (www.beehive.govt.nz)
- ^ two-state solution (documents.un.org)
- ^ deploy a six-member defence force (www.beehive.govt.nz)
- ^ 13 other countries (www.whitehouse.gov)
- ^ The UN’s top court didn’t call for a ceasefire in Gaza – how does NZ respond now? (theconversation.com)
- ^ interim ruling (www.theguardian.com)
- ^ being sought from the court (www.icj-cij.org)
- ^ told the court (www.france24.com)
- ^ More than 50 countries (www.icj-cij.org)
- ^ Why Egypt refuses to open its border to Palestinians forcibly displaced from Gaza (theconversation.com)
- ^ permanent representative to the UN has said (www.mfat.govt.nz)
- ^ Israeli siege has placed Gazans at risk of starvation − prewar policies made them vulnerable in the first place (theconversation.com)
- ^ begun to sanction (www.whitehouse.gov)
- ^ placed sanctions (www.theguardian.com)
- ^ identified and sanctioned (www.diplomatie.gouv.fr)
- ^ Russia (www.beehive.govt.nz)
- ^ Iran (www.newshub.co.nz)
Authors: Alexander Gillespie, Professor of Law, University of Waikato